双语阅读The hidden health impact of growing up with ADHD traits

The researchers say the results likely reflect a broad mix of health risks associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), along with the long-term effects of how people with ADHD are treated and supported across adulthood.
研究人员表示，这些结果很可能反映了与注意力缺陷多动障碍相关的各种健康风险，同时也体现了成年人时期对患有多动障碍的人所采取的干预和支持措施所带来的长期影响。

Published in JAMA Network Open, the research is one of the largest and longest-running studies to examine how ADHD traits in childhood are linked to physical health later in life.
这项研究发表在《JAMA Network Open》上。它是迄今为止规模最大、持续时间最长的研究之一，旨在探讨儿童时期的多动症特征如何与日后的身体健康状况相关联。

Evidence Points to Lifelong Health Challenges
有证据表明，这些健康问题会伴随人的一生。

Senior author Professor Joshua Stott (UCL Psychology & Language Sciences) said: “Here we have added to the concerning evidence base that people with ADHD are more likely to experience worse health than average across their lifespan.
该研究的资深作者、伦敦大学学院心理学与语言科学系的约书亚·斯托特教授表示：“我们的研究进一步证实了令人担忧的事实：患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的人，其一生中的健康状况往往比常人更差。”

“People with ADHD can thrive with the right support, but this is often lacking, both due to a shortage of tailored support services but also because ADHD remains underdiagnosed, particularly in people in midlife and older, with needs unaddressed.”
“只要得到适当的支持，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的人完全有可能过上正常的生活。然而，这种支持往往缺乏。一方面是因为缺乏针对该障碍的专门服务；另一方面则是因为注意力缺陷多动障碍往往被忽视，尤其是对于中老年人来说，他们的需求始终没有得到妥善解决。”

How ADHD Can Affect Daily Functioning
多动症如何影响日常生活

People with ADHD experience differences in attention, along with increased levels of hyperactivity or impulsivity. Many have high energy and can focus intensely on activities that capture their interest, but may struggle to stay focused on routine or less engaging tasks.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的人，其注意力水平存在差异，同时还会表现出过度活跃或冲动的行为。他们通常精力充沛，能够全神贯注于自己感兴趣的活动上，但很难保持对那些枯燥或缺乏吸引力的任务的注意力。

These challenges can affect planning, time management, and impulse control. Over time, this may make school and work more difficult, increasing the risk of longer-term social and occupational difficulties.
这些挑战会影响到计划制定、时间管理以及冲动控制能力。久而久之，这会使得学校学习和工作变得更加困难，进而增加长期面临社会和职业方面问题的风险。

ADHD begins in childhood, and although it is now widely recognized that it often continues into adulthood, adults in the UK receive less treatment than those in other high-income countries. Support services also remain limited.
注意力缺陷多动障碍在儿童时期就开始出现。虽然现在人们普遍认识到，这种症状往往会持续到成年期，但在英国，成年人所获得的治疗机会却少于其他高收入国家的人士。此外，相关支持服务也相当有限。

Tracking Health Outcomes Over Decades
数十年来对健康状况的持续监测

To examine long-term effects, the researchers analyzed data from 10,930 participants in the UCL-led 1970 British Cohort Study, which has followed individuals from birth into middle age.
为了研究长期影响，研究人员分析了由伦敦大学学院主导的 1970 年英国队列研究中的 10,930 名参与者的数据。该研究从受试者出生开始，一直跟踪到他们进入中年时期。

ADHD traits were assessed using behavior questionnaires completed by parents and teachers when participants were 10 years old. These measures were used regardless of whether a participant had ever received a formal ADHD diagnosis.
在参与者 10 岁时，通过家长和老师填写的行为问卷来评估其是否具有多动症特征。无论参与者是否曾被正式诊断为多动症，都会采用这些评估结果。

Higher Rates of Chronic Illness and Disability
慢性疾病和残疾的发病率更高

The study found that people with higher levels of ADHD traits in childhood were more likely to report physical health problems by age 46. They had 14% higher odds of reporting two or more conditions, including migraine, back problems, cancer, epilepsy or diabetes.
研究发现，那些在童年时期就表现出更多多动症症状的人，到 46 岁时更有可能出现各种身体健康问题。他们患两种或更多种疾病的可能性要高出 14%，这些疾病包括偏头痛、背痛、癌症、癫痫或糖尿病。

Among those with elevated ADHD traits at age 10, 42% reported having at least two physical health problems in midlife. By comparison, 37% of those with lower ADHD trait scores reported the same.
在 10 岁时就表现出明显多动症特征的受访者中，42%的人在中年时期至少患有两种身体健康问题。相比之下，那些多动症特征得分较低的人中，这一比例为 37%。

Participants with higher childhood ADHD traits were also more likely to report physical health-related disability (reporting having problems with work or other daily activities as a result of their physical health) at age 46.
在 46 岁时，那些在童年时期就表现出更多多动症特征的参与者，更有可能报告有与身体健康相关的障碍（即因为身体健康问题而无法正常工作或进行日常活动）。

Possible Reasons Behind the Health Differences
健康状况差异的可能原因

The researchers found that poorer physical health outcomes were partly linked to higher rates of mental health problems, increased BMI, and higher smoking rates among people with ADHD.
研究人员发现，注意力缺陷多动障碍患者之所以有较差的身体健康状况，部分原因在于他们更容易出现心理健康问题、体重指数更高，以及吸烟率也更高。

Previous studies have also shown that people with ADHD are more likely to experience stressful life events and social exclusion, and are less likely to receive timely medical screening and care.
先前的研究也表明，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的人更容易遭遇各种压力性生活事件和社交排斥，同时也不太可能得到及时的医疗检查与治疗。

The association between childhood ADHD traits and physical health-related disability appeared to be stronger in women than in men.
在女性中，儿童时期患有多动症与身体健康问题之间的关联似乎比在男性中更为明显。

Professor Stott added: “All of these potential explanatory factors align with the fact that ADHD makes impulse control more difficult, the need for instant gratification and reward more intense, and is also associated with worse mental health in part due to the social disadvantage people with ADHD face.”
斯托特教授补充说：“所有这些潜在的解释因素都符合这样一个事实：注意力缺陷多动障碍会使人更难以控制冲动，从而让人更渴望即时得到满足和奖励。此外，由于患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的人在社会上处于不利地位，他们的心理健康状况也往往更差。”

Implications for Support and Public Health
对支援工作与公共卫生的影响

A separate study published last year by the same research team reported a possible reduction in life expectancy among adults diagnosed with ADHD, although this finding was not part of the current research.
同一研究团队去年发表的另一项研究指出，被诊断为多动症的成年人，其预期寿命可能会有所下降。不过，这一发现并不属于当前这项研究的内容。

Lead author Dr, Amber John, who began the work at UCL before moving to the University of Liverpool, emphasized the importance of proper support: “It’s important to note that people with ADHD are a diverse group, with a range of different strengths and experiences, and most will lead long, healthy lives.
该研究的主要作者安伯·约翰博士最初在伦敦大学学院开展这项研究，后来转到了利物浦大学工作。她强调了适当支持的重要性：“需要指出的是，患有多动症的人其实是一个多元化的群体，他们有着各种不同的优点和经历。大多数人都能过上长久而健康的生活。”

“However, many face significant barriers to timely diagnosis and appropriate support. This is important because providing the right support for and meeting the needs of people with ADHD can help to improve their physical and mental health outcomes.
“然而，许多人面临着及时获得诊断和适当治疗的巨大障碍。这一点非常重要，因为为患有多动症的人提供适当的支持并满足他们的需求，有助于改善他们的身体和心理健康状况。”

“Additionally, public health strategies should consider the needs of people with ADHD, such as by making screening programs and ongoing health monitoring more accessible for people with ADHD.”
此外，公共卫生策略还应考虑到患有多动症的人们的需求，比如让多动症患者能够更便捷地接受筛查和定期健康检查。